Photosynthesis is a crucial process for corals and other photosynthetic organisms, as it allows them to convert light energy into chemical energy needed for growth and survival. Within the coral’s tissues, specialized cells called zooxanthellae (algae) perform photosynthesis. These algae utilize light energy, carbon dioxide, and other essential nutrients to produce organic compounds, including sugars, which are then shared with the coral host) Iron also acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions within corals (Source: Borneman, Eric H. “Aquarium Corals; Selection, Husbandry, and Natural History.” TFH Publications, 2001).
Iron plays a crucial role in chlorophyll production.
Chlorophyll, a pigment found in the zooxanthellae, is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. It absorbs light in the blue and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and reflects green light, giving corals their vibrant coloration. Chlorophyll molecules are integral to the photosynthetic process, as they act as antennas that capture photons (light particles) and transfer their energy to other molecules involved in photosynthesis.
It is a vital component of the porphyrin ring structure, which is the central part of the chlorophyll molecule. Iron is required for the synthesis of chlorophyll, and without sufficient iron levels, corals may exhibit reduced chlorophyll production, leading to pale or bleached appearance.
Before dosing iron in your tank, it’s important to know when it’s necessary. Most marine aquariums do not require iron supplements unless they host macroalgae. If your macroalgae are losing color or not growing as expected, this might suggest a deficiency in iron (Source: Fenner, Robert. “The Conscientious Marine Aquarist.” TFH Publications, 2001).
The amount of iron to dose depends on several factors such as the volume of your aquarium and the type and quantity of marine life present. Starting with a low dose about 0.1 ppm (parts per million) and gradually increasing to 0.2 ppm if required is a general guideline. Commercial iron supplements formulated for reef aquariums are available, containing iron in chelated forms to ensure its availability to corals while minimizing precipitation. Iron dosing should be administered regularly but in moderation. Dividing the recommended dosage into smaller increments and administering them throughout the week helps maintain stable iron levels without causing sudden fluctuations that may stress corals.
Regular monitoring of iron levels is vital to ensure a balanced and healthy reef aquarium. Accurate iron test kits are available for measuring iron concentration. Monitoring can be done weekly or bi-weekly, depending on the aquarium’s stability and the rate of coral growth. Adjustments to the dosing regimen can be made based on the test results, aiming to maintain the desired iron concentration.
The benefits of proper iron dosing include enhanced growth and brighter coloring in SPS corals. Iron can boost the growth of zooxanthellae, the symbiotic organisms living in coral tissues that provide them with most of their energy through photosynthesis.
However, overdosing iron has risks. Excess iron can cause the proliferation of harmful algae, potentially smothering corals and other marine life. It can also be toxic to fish and invertebrates at high concentrations.
Another risk of overdosing iron is the formation of insoluble precipitates in the water. These precipitates can settle on corals, impeding their ability to capture light and essential nutrients, ultimately affecting their health and vitality.
Wile iron dosing can benefit SPS corals, it should be done cautiously with close monitoring of iron levels in your aquarium. Every aquarium is unique, so what works for one might not work for another. Therefore, conduct research, experiment carefully.
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